Speaker: Joe Sterling is a freelance reporter and writer for CNN, covering the latest issues on the news spectrum. Since Sterling is a freelance reporter, he gets a lot of experience working with many different news organizations. This adds to his credibility because he is well experienced in what he does and can look at an issue from many perspectives.
Occasion: The occasion that gave rise to the publication of this article was the recent school shooting at Majory Stoneman Douglas High School on February 14h. This was one of many school shootings that have happened in recent years and have saddened the hearts of many. Therefore, the governor of Florida wants to raise the minimum age to bear arms in order to counter school shootings. Audience: Sterling intended this article for those living in America, specifically in Florida. This is so they could be aware of their governor's plans to keep schools safer and avoid school shootings. The author also intended this article toward other United States governors, so they can also take precautions in order to keep their their students safe while at school. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to inform Florida residents about the precautions that their governor, Rick Scott, plans to take in order to avoid school shootings in that state. The author explains the specific precautions that the governor plans to implement in order to show how serious the issue is and how quick the governor is to fix it before it gets any worse. Subject: The general topic of this article is the recent school shooting that occurred in Parkland, Florida and what the governor plans to do in order to avoid future shootings. The article further investigates how the governor's plan will take effect and benefit the lives of students. Tone/ Diction: The author's sympathetic and informative tone help demonstrate his concern for the topic and adds to his formal diction exemplified throughout the text. This formal diction lacks slangs and includes polysyllabic words in order for the author to convey himself as credible and to elevate the tone. This diction was evident in the phrase, "Rick Scott announced a comprehensive plan to keep students safe in his state, including suggestions to raise the minimum age to buy a gun, keep weapons out of the hands of the mentally ill and ban the sale of bump stocks." Using polysyllabic words at a higher diction as oppose to regular run of the mill words contributes to the professionalism of the article. Sterling conveyed a sympathetic tone by including the phrase "We must take care of our kids,". Many people have a strong emotional attachment to their kids so adding this phrase adds to the sympathetic aspect. The author also conveyed an informative tone by including the phrase, "The governor also called for tougher background checks and waiting periods to buy firearms..." This statement shows that the author is informing Florida residents on the plan their governor has for them in order to protect their citizens from gun violence. Rhetorical Appeal: Rhetorical appeals are literary devices that were abundantly found in this article in order to convey its underlying meaning. Sterling establishes credibility by first working for CNN, which is a notorious 24-hour news service covering worldwide events. He also establishes credibility by including direct quotes from the governor of Florida and a victim of the school shooting at Majory Stoneman Douglas High School. This helps show that the topic is ongoing and that the author is credible. Next, the author appeals to pathos by including the statement, "There is nothing more important than the safety of our children. Our kids deserve nothing less." This statement appeals to compassion and sympathy because many people have a soft spot for kids. The author uses this appeal to pull at reader's heartstrings in order to convey sympathy toward the younger cohort of the population. Lastly, the author appeals to logos with the use of facts, dates, locations, and references to the constitution in order to add to the argument developed throughout the text. This appeal was evident in the phrase, "Scott proposed a $450 million initiative for student safety..." This statement illustrates the significance of the gun safety in the United States and the efforts that the governor of Florida is taking in order to protect his citizens from school shootings. Ethos, Pathos, and Logos are key to understanding the underlying meaning of Sterling's article and the purpose that he was trying to convey to the audience so they can grasp a deeper understanding of the topic.
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Speaker: Jacqueline Howard is a writer and on-air talent for CNN Health, covering the latest news in health-related topics. Howard has worked for USAToday.com, MTV Networks, and many other companies that promote the daily news broadcasts. Howard possesses the needed credentials to write on the topic and this boost her credibility, further appealing to ethos.
Occasion: The occasion that gave rise to the publishing of this article was the recent flu outbreak that has swept the continental USA and has taken many lives due to its contagiousness. The article was published on January 26, 2018, which is when this outbreak was rapidly reaching its peak and cases of the flu became ubiquitous amongst the continental USA. Audience: Howard intended this article for those living in the continental United States since they are most directly impacted by the flu due to its contagiousness and being in close proximity to others with the flu. It is specifically geared toward those who might be more susceptible to the flu, in order to encourage them to take precautionary measures to avoid getting this deadly disease. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to inform Americans about the growing flu outbreaks so that they can be well aware of it and take proper preventative care. The author explains in depth how much of an impact the flu has on America in order to show how widespread this disease is. Another purpose of this text is to encourage readers to take preventative care, by sort of scaring them with the amount cases that have been reported, in order to avoid contracting the flu. Subject: The general topic of this article is the Influenza outbreak that has swept across every state in the continental United States and reports are growing at a rapid rate on a daily basis. The article further investigates the growing flu reports and preventative measures to be taken by people in order to avoid contracting the flu. Tone/ Diction: The author's erudite tone helps demonstrate how well educated she is on the topic and adds to the formal diction exemplified throughout the text. The formal diction includes numerous amounts of polysyllabic words, free from slang, which helped contribute to an increased credibility for the author. The diction helps emphasizes the tone by captivating the audience and using descriptive, formal words in order to convey formality and professionalism. This diction was evident in the phrase, "The current pervasiveness of the flu across the country appears to be similar to what was seen during peak flu season from 2014 to 2015" Using words at a higher diction, as oppose to the regular run of the mill words, contributed to an increased professionalism and credibility for the author. Howard conveyed her erudite tone by including statistics, definitions, and speaking intellectually about the topic in order to show that she is well informed about it. This was shown in the statement, "There were 11,965 laboratory-confirmed flu-related hospitalizations reported from October 1 to January 20." This statement portrayed a very erudite tone as it included statistics that put the scope of the disease into perspective. Rhetorical Appeal: Rhetorical appeals are literary devices that contributed to understanding the underlying meaning of the article and their abundance helped demonstrate their importance in conveying the argument. The author first establishes credibility by working for CNN, which is an internationally reputable new source. In addition, due to its reputation, it is required for publishers to possess certain credentials to write on a topic. Since Howard works specifically for CNN Health and has had experience in other new programs, she has credentials needed to form a credible, informative article on the flu. Howard also lives in America, which is where the flu predominates, so she has first-hand accounts of the topic and better access to data in regards to the topic, all which boost her credibility. The author appeals to pathos by including statements such as "The deaths of seven more children were reported this week, bringing the total number of pediatric deaths for the season, which began in October, to 37." Many people feel an added sense of sympathy when it comes to deaths, especially when it comes to those of the younger population. The author uses this appeal to pull at the reader's heartstrings and add to the argument of how deadly the flu actually is. Lastly, the author appeals to logos on many accounts, through the use of statistics, facts, dates, and cause and effect relationships in order to add to the argument developed throughout the article. This appeal is seen in the statement, "At week 52 of this flu season, which was the last week of 2017, however, "we did over 5,000 respiratory viral tests," This statement illustrates the severity of the flu this year and how impactful it is on America. These appeals are key to understanding the underlying meaning of Jacqueline Howard's article and contributed to getting a deeper understanding of the purpose and subject that she portrayed. https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/26/health/weekly-flu-update-jan-26-cdc-numbers-bn/index.html Soapstone Analysis:
Speaker: The speakers of this article are Madison Park, Holly Yan, and Jon Ostrower. Park is a CNN journalist based in San Fransisco. Yan is a reporter, writer, and editor for CNN Digital. Ostrower is Aviation Editor for CNN Digital Worldwide, guiding the network's global coverage of the business and operations of flying. He also serves as a correspondent for CNNMoney, reporting on all aspects of aviation. Not only do they work for one of the world's most recognized news sources, but they possess credentials that boost their credibility and appeal to ethos by providing trustworthy sources. Occassion: This article was published on December 19, 2017, just one day after the Amtrak train crash occurred. This event saddened the hearts of many, especially those who personally knew the victims involved in the incident. The article was published in DuPont, Washington while the incident occurred in Tacoma, Washington. Audience: The author intended this article toward family and friends of the victims of the crash. These relatives still have many unanswered questions about this incident and this article played a key role in regard to answering the questions. The author also intended this article for Americans who were saddened by the news of this incident and need more information in regards to what caused it. A common belief that is supported among the audience is sorrow and sympathy, for those who were affected by the crash, and concerns/questions on what caused it. Purpose: Madison Park, Holly Yan, and Jon Ostrower wrote this article with the purpose to inform readers on the details of the Amtrak train crash that occurred in Tacoma, Washington. The author explains in the depth what caused the crash and what precautions are being taken. They want readers to know that although this crash was detrimental to the people involved and the company, Amtrak will be working hard to avoid future incidents like this. They want readers to understand that this incident will help the company learn from the mistakes and make the company more efficient, through improved technological advancements. Subject: The general topic of this article is the recent Amtrak train incident was caused by the train traveling at a fast speed. The article further investigates the how the crash occurred and what precautions are being taken in order to avoid this crash. Although things are chaotic now, this incident provides the company an opportunity to make advancements to avoid future occurrences of this. Tone/Dictions: The authors' sincere tone helps convey their formal diction. The formal diction includes polysyllabic words, free of slang and idioms, which contribute to elevating the tone. The diction helps emphasize the tone by captivating the audience, through polysyllabic words, in order to emphasize how the authors felt about this incident. This diction was evident in phrases such as "Investigators will likely examine the track, human performance, operations and the mechanics..." Using these type of words, as opposed to the simple run of the mill words, make the article more professional and credible. The authors convey their sincere tone through their serious emotions throughout the article, in order to demonstrate the genuineness of their argument. This was shown in the statement, "Most of the route was graded for a maximum speed of 79 mph, but the speed limit on the curve where the crash occurred is 30 mph". This statement was sincere as it was backed up with credible evidence and illustrated the main argument in a way that showed that the tone and diction contribute to the significant meaning of the article. Rhetorical Appeal:Rhetorical appeals are literary devices that contributed to understanding the underlying meaning of the article and were replete throughout the article. The authors first established ethos by working for CNN, which is a globally recognized news source and is highly credible. In addition, Park, Yan, and Ostrower included testimonies from the National Transportation Safety Board, victims of the incident and the mayor in order to boost credibility. In regards to the incident, the National Transportation Saftey Board stated, "...the train was going 50 mph over the limit when it went around a curve." This information comes from a source that is well educated on the topic of transportation and therefore adds to its credibility. In addition, it provides insight to the main argument that is demonstrated throughout the article. The author appeals to pathos by including the statement, "The high-speed catastrophe killed three people and hurt more than 100." Many people feel an added sense of sympathy and sorrow when injuries or casualties are involved in an incident. This shows how the author uses emotions to make an argument about how detrimental the incident was. Lastly, the author appeals to logos by including dates, times, facts, maps and statistics in order to back up information provided in the article and to contribute to the argument. This appeal was evident in the statement, "Amtrak has equipped 49% of its locomotives and 67% of its tracks with PTC" This statement makes good use of statistics in order to add some background to the argument and incorporate some logistics about Amtrak. This appeal was also evident in the statement, "In response to a 2008 head-on collision that killed 25 people near Los Angeles, Congress passed a law ordering railroads to adopt PTC by December 2015." This statement makes good use of dates and numerical values to back up the argument and show that this is not the first time this type of catastrophe has happened. These appeals are key in conveying Madison Park, Holly Yan, and Jon Ostrower's argument and are beneficial in the sense that they allow readers to better understand the purpose of the text. http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/19/us/amtrak-derailment-washington/index.html Soapstone Analysis:Speaker: The speakers of this article are Nicole Gaouette and Elise Labott. Gaouette is a national security reporter for CNN Politics. while Labott is a CNN's global affairs correspondent, covering US foreign policy and international affairs for the network. Their position and role in CNN help boost credibility and appeal to ethos by providing a trustworthy source for readers to indulge on.
Occasion: This article was published on September 27th, 2017 which marked the date by which Saudi Arabia's Royal Decree eased the restriction on women driving. This is a huge step for Saudi Arabia and grasped the attention of many people, especially those who live in the United States and are already guaranteed these rights. Audience: The authors intended this text toward those who support women's rights and have long awaited for Saudi Arabia to implement more policies to protect the rights of women. A quality and belief that is common among the audience is supporting the rights of women worldwide, which is key in modernization of a country and becoming more involved in the global economy. Purpose: Nicole Gaouette and Elise Labott wrote this article with the purpose to inform and bring awareness Saudi Arabia and its recent change in women's driving restrictions. Saudi Arabia is a country known for its strict principles of gender segregation so implementing this policy shows their positive movements toward gender equality. The authors explain why allowing women to drive is quite beneficial, by including testimonies from the Prince of Saudi Arabia and other people in Saudi Arabia. They want readers to understand that lifting the restrictions is part of a larger economic reform effort. Subject: The general topic of this article is that Saudi Arabia is taking steps towards increased women's rights by giving their women the freedom to drive. This is a huge step for this country because women endure many restrictions due to religious beliefs, so implementing this policy allows for more freedom for them and further contributes to more women in the workforce. Tone/Diction: The authors' optimistic and celebratory tones are conveyed through their informal diction. Although the diction is informal, it helps to show that the authors wanted their text to be understandable to a larger audience, regardless of their educational experiences. The diction helps emphasize the tone by including good news and cheerful word that are easily understandable to a broad audience. This diction was evident in the phrase, "Saudi Arabia is easing restrictions on women driving, finally allowing almost half its population to get behind the wheel." Although this diction can have positive and negative implications, the authors made good use of it in order to broaden their audience base. They conveyed their optimistic tone by looking forward to the progression of Saudi Arabia and their brighter future. This was shown in the statement "That plan for the country's economic reinvention rests on a number of pillars, including youth empowerment, social organization and women's empowerment". This positive outlook of Saudi Arabia helps illustrate the tone and the main idea of the article. They also convey their celebratory tone through their willingness to praise Saudi Arabia for getting rid of women's driving restrictions. Rhetorical Appeals: Rhetorical appeals are literary devices that contribute to understanding the underlying meaning and argument of an article. The authors established ethos, pathos, and logos abundantly throughout the article in order to prove their point. The authors first appealed to ethos by working for CNN which is a global news source and is highly credible. In addition, Gaouette and Lobott included their credentials through a clickable link in order to establish that they have been doing this job for a while and are skilled and trustworthy enough to talk about the topic. The authors also include testimonies and tweets from the Saudi Arabia Prince and other leaders, in order to show that the implementation of the policy is true and to add credibility because they are the ones who made the decision to implement the policy. The author appeals to pathos by including the statement, "Sharif, who now lives in Australia, was jailed in Saudi Arabia 2011 after posting a video on YouTube of herself, wearing a black headscarf and sunglasses, driving a car. The act provoked death threats and spurred her to start the campaign." Most people have strong emotions when it comes to their rights so the fact that she got arrested for exhibiting a right that is revoked in her country show how passionate she is about getting that right. Lastly, the authors appeal to logos by including facts, dates and logical relationships in order to add credibility and back up information provided in the text. This appeal was evident in the statement, "In order to change women's participation in the workforce we need them to be able to drive to work." This statement shows a cause and effect relationship by which women driving results in more women in the workforce. This use of cause and effect supports the logical aspect of logos. These appeals are key in conveying Nicole Gaouette and Elise Labott argument and allow readers to better understand the purpose of the text. http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/26/politics/saudi-arabia-woman-drive/index.html Soapstone Analysis:
Speaker: Malcolm Jenkins, Doug Baldwin and Eric Reid are all National Football League players which appeals to ethos because they have a first hand account of the "take a knee" protest. They all disagree with the injustices that occur and they demonstate this through their earnest tone and eagerness to "take a knee" in order to fight for what they believe in. In addition, they are all apart of a minority, which are often the target for discrimination and injustice, so their point of view helps readers understand why they participate in the protest and wrote the article. Occasion: This article was published on October 16, 2017 which was around the time when the "take a knee" protest grasped the attention of many people. An abundance of football players this year also began participating in the protest in order to get point across that these injustices are unacceptable and would not be taken any further. Audience: The author intended this text toward other NFL players who also want to support the protest, in order to show that this is a big problem and many have concerns over it. In addition, Jenkins, Baldwin and Reid also intended this article toward anyone who supported the fight to end racial injustice Purpose: Jenkins, Baldwin, and Reid wrote this article with the purpose to bring awareness to the racial and social injustices that certain groups of American civilians face. These groups are often the minority race or minority social class/ status and are treated differently in the justice system, which has even caused many lives over the past couple of years. The authors explain why they "take the knee" by including actual statistics that deal with major aspects of injustice, such as jail time and bail. They want readers to understand that these injustices will no longer be taken lightheartedly and protest will be in effect so long these injustices continue. Subject: The general topic of this article is that many minorities face injustices in many aspects of their life, which often limit their opportunities, and many are protesting against it in order to put a stop to it. Tone/ Diction: The author’s forthright and earnest tone are conveyed through their informal diction. Although the diction was informal, the earnest and forthright tone helped give it a bit of seriousness aside from the word choices. The diction helped emphasize the tone by including serious remarks and problems, using words easily understandable to most readers. This diction was evident in the phrase such as "we keep people locked up who are are too poor to pay bail..." Using this type of diction can have positive and negative implications but these authors made the most out of it by making it have a bit of a formal feel to it. They also conveyed the forthright tone by not sugar coating any of their opinion and starting right off the bat with their argument, without hesitation. They also convey their tone through their angry and concerned emotions which allow readers to understand that they are very passionate in their rights and would do anything in order to keep them. This was shown in the phrase, "A system that keeps people locked up because of poverty is morally reprehensible." This statement was very passionate and illustrated the main argument in a way through which the tone and diction contribute to the significant meaning of the article. Rhetorical Appeals: Rhetorical appeals were literary devices that contributed to understand the underlying meaning of the article and they were evident abundantly throughout the text. The authors established ethos first by writing on CNN, which is a global news site known for credibility. They also appeal to ethos by being both NFL players so they get a first hand account of the "take a knee" protest so they are more knowledgeable about it. In addition, the author includes testimonies of other people's cases to add to the credibility because those people had first hand endeavors with injustice. The authors appeal to pathos by including things like "She lost her job, home and couldn't care for her children." and "Kandace Edwards, unemployed, homeless and seven months pregnant, allegedly forged a $75 check. Slapped with a $7,500 bail amount she could not pay, Edwards slept on a mat in the jail for one night". most people have a strong emotional bond with their children so to think about not being able to provide for them because of being in jail is very heartbreaking. This adds to pathos by leaving a heartbroken feeling, that is often associated with not being able to provide for kids and doing desperate things in order to make ends meet. Lastly the authors appeals to logos on many accounts through the statistics and facts they use in order to add to both credibility and to back up information provided in the text. This appeal was evident in the phrase “75% of people who are locked up are there for low-level offenses like drug or property crime, according to a study by the Criminal Justice Policy Program at Harvard Law School.” This statement includes both a credible source and statistics to back it up which are key in rhetoric. These appeals are key in conveying Jenkins, Baldwin, and Reid’s argument and allow readers to understand the purpose of the text. http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/16/opinions/nfl-bail-reform-opinion/index.html Soapstone Analysis:
Speaker:Michael Nedelman is passionate about the topic of antibiotics in foods and he exhibits this through his formal diction which helps contribute to the understanding of the article. He is the producer of the health and medical stories for CNN and attained his MD at Stanford which adds to his ethos appeal with credibility. Occasion: This article was written on September 28, 2017 which marked the date by which a whopping 14 fast food restaurants earned an passing grade on antibiotic inspections. This was an astonishing jump from only 5 in the previous year, which gives rise to the writing of the article. Audience: The author intended this text toward people who are concerned with what they eat and those in the professional field that deal with what we eat such as dieticians. This is exhibited through the formal language that he used in order to enhance meaning and draw those people toward the article. Purpose: Nedelman wrote this article with the purpose to inform consumers on the pernicious antibiotics that lie in there fast foods. He wants readers to know that although these chains are steping up their game and diminishing the use of the antibiotics, consumers should still be wary of them. The impact on the reader is to not only should they be cautious of what they eat, but also they should be well informed on the repercussions and adverse effects of antibiotics in their food. Subject: The general topic of this article is that more fast food resuraunts that we think still have antibiotics in their foods which has noxious effects on our health. Although things seem to be going alright now, these antibiotics can form resistance which can entail become a big health threat Tone/Diction: The author's erudite tone helps exemplify that he knows exactly what he is talking about and adds to the credibility of his article. His formal dictions helps demonstrate this tone by including intelligent words in order to captivate the audience and emphasize the fact that antibiotics linger in our fast foods. This diction was evident in phrases such as "It doesn't endorse giving these medications..." Using these types of words,instead of your regular run of the mill words, not only makes the article more professional, but it contributes to his credibility and erudite tone, which was emphasized throughout the article. He also conveys tone through his concerned/ worried emotions about the effects of the antibiotics. This was shown when he stated "The vast majority of these drugs used in animals are tetracyclines, a class of antibiotics that also includes treatments for chlamydia, Lyme disease and other harmful microbes in humans." He expresses those emotion to further inform reader about his concerns through a very erudite tone. Retorical Appeals: Rhetorical appeals were literary devices very evident throughout this article. The author first established ethos by working for CNN, which is a credible news network and has a large fanbase. The author also established ethos by including testimonies from notable sources such as the WHO."A post-antibiotic era -- in which common infections and minor injuries can kill -- far from being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real possibility for the 21st century." Along with WHO, testimonies from the CDC, FDA, and the actual fast food restaurants were included in order to boost credibility. The author also appealed to pathos by including things like "Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest health threats facing us today." Most people take their health seriously and this statement left me shock because this can potential affect our future generations. Lastly, on many account the author appealed to logos by including facts and statistics in order to back up his information. These facts often came from notable companies, which contributes the appeal of ethos in the article. "Before the FDA's announcement, around 70% of "medically important" antibiotics were used in farm animals, not humans, according to data by the FDA and QuintilesIMS." These rhetorical appeals further allowed me to understand the authors purpose in this article http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/health/fast-food-antibiotics-grades/index.html |
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February 2018
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